Recursion
Recursion is a method of solving a problem where the solution depends on solutions to smaller instances of the same problem.
Python Example
# Define a recursive function that calculates a factorial, such as 5*4*3*2*1 = 120. def factorial(number): # Set a value at which the function exits and prevents an infinite execution. if number == 1: return 1 # If the current value is not at the exit point, continue. else: # Calculate a new value using this same function. new_value = number * factorial(number - 1) # Return the calculated value. return new_value # Use the recursive function. print(factorial(5))